{"product_id":"1-72-corgi-49001-supetmarine-spitfire-mk-1-k9953-zp-a-flown-by-flt-lt-adolf-milan-first-skirmish-of-battle-of-britain-74-sqdn-r-a-f-limited-edition","title":"1\/72 Corgi (49001) Supermarine Spitfire Mk.1 (K9953\/ZP-A) flown by Flt\/Lt Adolf Milan \"First Skirmish of Battle of Britain\" 74 Sqdn R.A.F. (Limited Edition) 2000 Release","description":"\u003cp\u003e1\/72 Corgi (49001) Supermarine Spitfire Mk.1 (\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eK9953\/ZP-A) flown by Flt\/Lt Adolf Milan \"First Skirmish of Battle of Britain\" 74 Sqdn R.A.F. (Limited Edition) 2000 Release\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" class=\"clsLayout\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003e1\/72 Corgi Archive Series (49001)\u003cbr\u003eSupermarine Spitfire Mk.I \u003cbr\u003eflown by Flt\/Lt Adolf \"Sailor\" Malan,                  R.A.F.  Hornchurch, England,                                  Battle of Britain, July 10th 1940                  No.74 Sqdn, R.A.F. \u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e1:72 Scale\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e   \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003eLength\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e   \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003eWidth\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSupermarine Spitfire Mk II\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e   \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5\"\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e   \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6.25\"\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the morning of July 10th 1940, a convoy codenamed \"Bread\" was detected by a reconnaissance Dornier Do17P of 4(F)121 when rounding the North Foreland in Kent. Six Spitfires of No.74 Sqn (Hornchurch) intercepted but were outnumbered by more than 20 Bf 109s of I\/JG 51. Despite this, they forced the Dornier to crash land, while only taking damage to two of the Spitfires. K9953\/ZP-A was flown by Flight Lt. Adolf \"Sailor\" Malan of the No.74 Sqn during this action. It went to No.7 OTU after the Battle of Britain before being passed to No.57 OTU where it was wrecked in a collision in 1943.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.flyingmule.com\/powersearch\/?Search=CAT_TYP_PRP_FTR_SPITFIRE\"\u003eSupermarine Spitfire Mk II\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDesigned by R.J.Michell to meet a British Air Ministry specification, the Supermarine Spitfire first flown on March 5th, 1936. With its combination of beautiful fighter design, the excellent performance of its Rolls-Royce Merlin powerplant and firepower provided by twin cannons and four machine guns, the Spitfire became an unrivaled symbol of victory. The Spitfire had 40 major variants and was built in greater numbers than any other British aircraft of the time. It flew operationally on every front between 1939 and 1945 and was engaged in every one of the Royal Air Force's major actions.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"clsCopyright\"\u003e© Copyright 2003-2026 The Flying Mule, Inc.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cheader class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar no-font-mode-scale\"\u003e\n\u003ch1 class=\"firstHeading mw-first-heading\" id=\"firstHeading\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mw-page-title-main\"\u003eSailor Malan\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003c\/header\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-mw-ve-target-container=\"\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" class=\"vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer\" id=\"bodyContent\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"mw-body-content\" id=\"mw-content-text\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-mw-html-version=\"2.8.0\" data-mw-parsoid-version=\"0.24.0.0-alpha14\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\" class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\"\u003e\n\u003csection id=\"mwAQ\" data-mw-section-id=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"mwBA\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" role=\"note\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cspan data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Use dmy dates\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Use_dmy_dates\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"October 2020\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' id=\"mwBQ\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"mwCA\" class=\"infobox vcard\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"infobox-above\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"honorific-prefix\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Group Captain\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Group_Captain\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eGroup Captain\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"fn\"\u003eSailor Malan\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"honorific-suffix\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Distinguished Service Order and Bar\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distinguished_Service_Order_and_Bar\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eDSO*\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Distinguished Flying Cross and Bar (United Kingdom)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_and_Bar_(United_Kingdom)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eDFC*\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"infobox-image\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"mw-default-size\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Group_Captain_A_G_Malan_WWII_IWM_CH_12661.jpg\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1c\/Group_Captain_A_G_Malan_WWII_IWM_CH_12661.jpg\/500px-Group_Captain_A_G_Malan_WWII_IWM_CH_12661.jpg 2x\" width=\"250\" height=\"377\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" data-file-height=\"800\" data-file-width=\"531\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1c\/Group_Captain_A_G_Malan_WWII_IWM_CH_12661.jpg\/250px-Group_Captain_A_G_Malan_WWII_IWM_CH_12661.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"infobox-caption\"\u003eGroup Captain Sailor Malan c. 1945\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"infobox-label\" scope=\"row\"\u003eNickname\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"infobox-data nickname\"\u003eSailor\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"infobox-label\" scope=\"row\"\u003eBorn\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"infobox-data\"\u003e3 October 1910\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"birthplace\"\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Wellington, Western Cape\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wellington,_Western_Cape\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eWellington\u003c\/a\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca title=\"Cape Province\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cape_Province\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eCape Province\u003c\/a\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca title=\"Union of South Africa\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Union_of_South_Africa\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eUnion of South Africa\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"infobox-label\" scope=\"row\"\u003eDied\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"infobox-data\"\u003e17 September 1963\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(aged\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e52)\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"deathplace\"\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kimberley, Northern Cape\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kimberley,_Northern_Cape\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eKimberley\u003c\/a\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca title=\"Cape Province\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cape_Province\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eCape Province\u003c\/a\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca title=\"South Africa\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Africa\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eSouth Africa\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"infobox-label\" scope=\"row\"\u003eBuried\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"infobox-data\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"label\"\u003eWest End Cemetery, Kimberley\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"infobox-label\" scope=\"row\"\u003eAllegiance\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"infobox-data\"\u003eUnited Kingdom\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"infobox-label\" scope=\"row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eBranch\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"infobox-data\"\u003e\n\u003ca title=\"Royal Navy\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Navy\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eRoyal Navy\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca title=\"Royal Air Force\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Air_Force\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eRoyal Air Force\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"infobox-label\" scope=\"row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eService\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eyears\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"infobox-data\"\u003e1932–1946\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"infobox-label\" scope=\"row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eRank\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"infobox-data\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Group Captain\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Group_Captain\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eGroup Captain\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"infobox-label\" scope=\"row\"\u003eCommands\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"infobox-data\"\u003e\n\u003ca title=\"No. 145 Wing RAF\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._145_Wing_RAF\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eNo. 145 (Free French) Fighter Wing\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"No. 19 Wing RAF\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._19_Wing_RAF\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eNo. 19 Wing RAF\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca title=\"No. 74 Squadron RAF\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._74_Squadron_RAF\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eNo. 74 Squadron RAF\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"infobox-label\" scope=\"row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eConflicts\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"infobox-data\"\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Second World War\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_World_War\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eSecond World War\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca title=\"Battle of Barking Creek\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Barking_Creek\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eBattle of Barking Creek\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca title=\"Battle of Dunkirk\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Dunkirk\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eBattle of Dunkirk\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca title=\"Battle of Britain\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Britain\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eBattle of Britain\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca title=\"Operation Overlord\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Overlord\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eOperation Overlord\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"infobox-label\" scope=\"row\"\u003eAwards\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"infobox-data\"\u003e\n\u003ca title=\"Distinguished Service Order\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distinguished_Service_Order\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eDistinguished Service Order\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u0026amp;\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca title=\"Medal bar\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medal_bar\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eBar\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca title=\"Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eDistinguished Flying Cross\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u0026amp; Bar\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan title=\"French-language text\"\u003e\u003ci lang=\"fr\"\u003e\u003ca title=\"Croix de guerre (Belgium)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croix_de_guerre_(Belgium)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eCroix de guerre\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(Belgium)\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Czechoslovak War Cross 1939–1945\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939%E2%80%931945\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eWar Cross\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(Czechoslovakia)\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca title=\"Legion of Honour\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Legion_of_Honour\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eLegion of Honour\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(France)\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Croix de guerre 1939–1945 (France)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croix_de_guerre_1939%E2%80%931945_(France)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eCroix de guerre\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(France) \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"infobox-label\" scope=\"row\"\u003eOther\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ework\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"infobox-data\"\u003eFarmer and leader of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca title=\"Torch Commando\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torch_Commando\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eTorch Commando\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mwCQ\"\u003e\u003cb id=\"mwCg\"\u003eAdolph Gysbert Malan\u003c\/b\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"postnominals\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Postnominals\"},\"params\":{\"country\":{\"wt\":\"GBR\"},\"1\":{\"wt\":\"DSO1\"},\"size\":{\"wt\":\"100%\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"DFC1\"},\"sep\":{\"wt\":\",\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' id=\"mwCw\" class=\"nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca title=\"Distinguished Service Order\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distinguished_Service_Order\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eDSO\u003c\/a\u003e \u0026amp; \u003ca title=\"Medal bar\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medal_bar\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eBar\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca title=\"Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eDFC\u003c\/a\u003e \u0026amp; \u003ca title=\"Medal bar\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medal_bar\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eBar\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(3 October 1910\u003cspan id=\"mwDA\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– 17 September 1963), better known as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb id=\"mwDQ\"\u003eSailor Malan\u003c\/b\u003e, was a South African\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwDg\" title=\"Fighter pilot\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fighter_pilot\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003efighter pilot\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwDw\" title=\"Flying ace\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flying_ace\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eflying ace\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwEA\" title=\"Royal Air Force\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Air_Force\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eRoyal Air Force\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(RAF) who led\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwEQ\" title=\"No. 74 Squadron RAF\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._74_Squadron_RAF\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eNo. 74 Squadron RAF\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eduring the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwEg\" title=\"Battle of Britain\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Britain\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eBattle of Britain\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTEPrice199765\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice199765-1\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Price\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"1997\"},\"p\":{\"wt\":\"65\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice199765_1-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwEw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice199765-1\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwFA\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwFQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e1\u003cspan id=\"mwFg\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eHe finished his fighter career in 1941 with twenty-seven destroyed, seven shared destroyed and two unconfirmed, three probables and sixteen damaged. At the time he was the RAF's leading ace, and one of the highest-scoring pilots to have served wholly with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwFw\" title=\"RAF Fighter Command\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RAF_Fighter_Command\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eRAF Fighter Command\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eduring the Second World War.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mwGA\"\u003eAfter the war, Malan returned to South Africa. In the 1950s Malan became leader of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwGQ\" title=\"Torch Commando\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torch_Commando\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eTorch Commando\u003c\/a\u003e, a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwGg\" title=\"Liberalism\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberalism\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eliberal\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eanti-authoritarian organisation that opposed the introduction of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwGw\" title=\"Apartheid\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apartheid\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eapartheid\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esystem.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Fick 1952\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Fick_1952-2\"}}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-Fick_1952_2-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwHA\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-Fick_1952-2\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwHQ\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwHg\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e2\u003cspan id=\"mwHw\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection aria-labelledby=\"Early_life\" id=\"mwIQ\" data-mw-section-id=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"Early_life\"\u003eEarly life\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"mw-editsection\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mwIg\"\u003eMalan was born on 3 October 1910 to an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwIw\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Afrikaner\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afrikaner\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eAfrikaner\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efamily of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwJA\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Huguenot\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Huguenot\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eHuguenot\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edescent in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwJQ\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Wellington, Western Cape\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wellington,_Western_Cape\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eWellington, Western Cape\u003c\/a\u003e. He joined the South African Training Ship\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci id=\"mwJg\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwJw\" title=\"HMS Thames (1885)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Thames_(1885)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eGeneral Botha\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein 1924 or 1925 as a naval cadet\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"lower-alpha\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-3\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"efn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Efn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"cadet number 168\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwKA\" data-mw-group=\"lower-alpha\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-3\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwKQ\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwKg\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003ea\u003cspan id=\"mwKw\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eat the age of 14, and on 5 January 1928 engaged as an officer cadet\u003csup data-mw=\"{\u0026quot;name\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;ref\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;attrs\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;group\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;lower-alpha\u0026quot;},\u0026quot;body\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;id\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-4\u0026quot;},\u0026quot;parts\u0026quot;:[{\u0026quot;template\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;target\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;wt\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;efn\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;href\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;.\/Template:Efn\u0026quot;},\u0026quot;params\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;1\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;wt\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;seaman's discharge number R42512\u0026quot;}},\u0026quot;i\u0026quot;:0}}]}\" rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwLA\" data-mw-group=\"lower-alpha\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-4\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwLQ\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwLg\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003eb\u003cspan id=\"mwLw\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaboard the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci id=\"mwMA\"\u003eLandsdown Castle\u003c\/i\u003e\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-5\"}}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwMQ\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-5\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwMg\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwMw\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e3\u003cspan id=\"mwNA\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwNQ\" title=\"Union-Castle Line\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Union-Castle_Line\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eUnion-Castle Line\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewhich later earned him the nickname of \"Sailor\" amongst his pilot colleagues. On 19 February 1932, he joined the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwNg\" title=\"Royal Naval Reserve\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Naval_Reserve\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eRoyal Naval Reserve\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eas an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwNw\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Acting sub-lieutenant\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acting_sub-lieutenant\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eacting sub-lieutenant\u003c\/a\u003e, and was commissioned a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwOA\" title=\"Sub-lieutenant\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sub-lieutenant\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003esub-lieutenant\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eon 18 June 1935.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTELondon Gazette 21 June 1935\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_21_June_1935-6\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"London Gazette 21 June 1935\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_21_June_1935_6-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwOQ\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_21_June_1935-6\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwOg\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwOw\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e4\u003cspan id=\"mwPA\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection aria-labelledby=\"Royal_Air_Force\" id=\"mwPQ\" data-mw-section-id=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"Royal_Air_Force\"\u003eRoyal Air Force\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"mw-editsection\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mwPg\"\u003eIn 1935 the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwPw\" title=\"Royal Air Force\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Air_Force\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eRoyal Air Force\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(RAF) started the rapid expansion of its pilot corps, for which Malan volunteered. He learned to fly in the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwQA\" title=\"De Havilland Tiger Moth\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/De_Havilland_Tiger_Moth\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003ede Havilland Tiger Moth\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eat an elementary flying school near\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwQQ\" title=\"Bristol\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bristol\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eBristol\u003c\/a\u003e, flying for the first time on 6 January 1936. He was commissioned as an acting\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwQg\" title=\"Pilot officer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pilot_officer\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003epilot officer\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eon 2 March,\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTELondon Gazette 17 March 1936\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_17_March_1936-7\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"London Gazette 17 March 1936\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_17_March_1936_7-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwQw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_17_March_1936-7\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwRA\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwRQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e5\u003cspan id=\"mwRg\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecompleted training by the end of the year, and was sent to join 74 Squadron on 20 December 1936. He was confirmed as a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwRw\" title=\"Pilot officer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pilot_officer\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003epilot officer\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eon 6 January 1937.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTELondon Gazette 16 March 1937\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_16_March_1937-8\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"London Gazette 16 March 1937\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_16_March_1937_8-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwSA\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_16_March_1937-8\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwSQ\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwSg\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e6\u003cspan id=\"mwSw\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eHe was promoted to acting\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwTA\" title=\"Flying officer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flying_officer\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eflying officer\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eon 20 May 1938\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTELondon Gazette 23 August 1938\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_23_August_1938-9\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"London Gazette 23 August 1938\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_23_August_1938_9-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwTQ\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_23_August_1938-9\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwTg\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwTw\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e7\u003cspan id=\"mwUA\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand promoted to substantive flying officer on 6 July.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTELondon Gazette 16 August 1938\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_16_August_1938-10\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"London Gazette 16 August 1938\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_16_August_1938_10-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwUQ\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_16_August_1938-10\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwUg\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwUw\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e8\u003cspan id=\"mwVA\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eHe received another promotion to acting\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwVQ\" title=\"Flight lieutenant\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flight_lieutenant\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eflight lieutenant\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eon 2 March 1939,\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTELondon Gazette 2 March 1939\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_2_March_1939-11\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"London Gazette 2 March 1939\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_2_March_1939_11-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwVg\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_2_March_1939-11\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwVw\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwWA\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e9\u003cspan id=\"mwWQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esix months before the outbreak of war.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mwWg\"\u003eMalan developed the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwWw\" title=\"Ten Rules for Air Fighting\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ten_Rules_for_Air_Fighting\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eTen Rules for Air Fighting\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor fighter pilots.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection aria-labelledby=\"Second_World_War\" id=\"mwXA\" data-mw-section-id=\"3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"Second_World_War\"\u003eSecond World War\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"mw-editsection\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection aria-labelledby=\"Battle_of_Barking_Creek\" id=\"mwXQ\" data-mw-section-id=\"4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"Battle_of_Barking_Creek\"\u003eBattle of Barking Creek\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"mw-editsection\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"mwXw\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" role=\"note\"\u003eMain article:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca title=\"Battle of Barking Creek\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Barking_Creek\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eBattle of Barking Creek\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"mwYA\" class=\"mw-default-size\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwYQ\" class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commonwealth_Air_Aces_of_the_Second_World_War_CH8119.jpg\"\u003e\u003cimg id=\"mwYg\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6f\/Commonwealth_Air_Aces_of_the_Second_World_War_CH8119.jpg\/500px-Commonwealth_Air_Aces_of_the_Second_World_War_CH8119.jpg 2x\" width=\"250\" height=\"337\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" data-file-height=\"2389\" data-file-width=\"1772\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6f\/Commonwealth_Air_Aces_of_the_Second_World_War_CH8119.jpg\/250px-Commonwealth_Air_Aces_of_the_Second_World_War_CH8119.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption id=\"mwYw\"\u003eMalan in the cockpit of his\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwZA\" title=\"Supermarine Spitfire\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Spitfire\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eSupermarine Spitfire\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eat\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwZQ\" title=\"Biggin Hill\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biggin_Hill\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eBiggin Hill\u003c\/a\u003e, Kent.\u003c\/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c\/figure\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mwZg\"\u003eNo. 74 Squadron was dispatched 15 hours after war was declared to intercept a bomber raid that turned out to be returning RAF planes. On 6 September 1939, \"A\" Flight was scrambled to intercept a suspected enemy radar track and ran into the Hurricanes of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwZw\" title=\"No. 56 Squadron RAF\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._56_Squadron_RAF\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eNo. 56 Squadron RAF\u003c\/a\u003e. Believing 56 to be the enemy, Malan ordered an attack. Paddy Byrne and\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwaA\" title=\"John Freeborn\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Freeborn\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eJohn Freeborn\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edowned two RAF aircraft, killing one officer – Montague Hulton-Harrop – in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwaQ\" title=\"Friendly fire\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friendly_fire\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003efriendly fire\u003c\/a\u003e, which became known as the Battle of Barking Creek. At the subsequent\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwag\" title=\"Court-martial\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Court-martial\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003ecourt-martial\u003c\/a\u003e, Malan denied responsibility for the attack.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTENasson200988\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTENasson200988-12\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Nasson\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"2009\"},\"pp\":{\"wt\":\"88\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasson200988_12-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwaw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasson200988-12\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwbA\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwbQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e10\u003cspan id=\"mwbg\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eHe testified for the prosecution against his own pilots stating that Freeborn had been \"irresponsible, impetuous, and had not taken proper heed of vital communications\".\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTENasson200988\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTENasson200988-12\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Nasson\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"2009\"},\"pp\":{\"wt\":\"88\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasson200988_12-1\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwbw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasson200988-12\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwcA\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwcQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e10\u003cspan id=\"mwcg\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThis prompted Freeborn's counsel,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwcw\" title=\"Patrick Hastings\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrick_Hastings\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003ePatrick Hastings\u003c\/a\u003e, to call Malan a bare-faced liar.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTECossey200264–66\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTECossey200264–66-13\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Cossey\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"2002\"},\"pp\":{\"wt\":\"64–66\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTECossey200264–66_13-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwdA\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTECossey200264%E2%80%9366-13\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwdQ\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwdg\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e11\u003cspan id=\"mwdw\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eHastings was assisted in defending the pilots by\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mweA\" title=\"Roger Bushell\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roger_Bushell\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eRoger Bushell\u003c\/a\u003e, who, like Malan, had been born in South Africa. The court ruled the entire incident as an unfortunate error and acquitted both pilots.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTEBungay200167\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTEBungay200167-14\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Bungay\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"2001\"},\"p\":{\"wt\":\"67\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBungay200167_14-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mweQ\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBungay200167-14\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mweg\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwew\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e12\u003cspan id=\"mwfA\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection aria-labelledby=\"Dunkirk\" id=\"mwfQ\" data-mw-section-id=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"Dunkirk\"\u003eDunkirk\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"mw-editsection\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mwfg\"\u003eAfter fierce fighting over Dunkirk during\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwfw\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Operation Dynamo\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Dynamo\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003ethe evacuation of the British Army from Dunkirk\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eon 28 May 1940, Malan was awarded the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwgA\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Distinguished Flying Cross (UK)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(UK)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eDistinguished Flying Cross\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(DFC) having achieved five \"kills\". During the night of 19\/20 June Malan flew a night sortie in bright moonlight and shot down two\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwgQ\" title=\"Heinkel He 111\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_111\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eHeinkel He 111\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebombers, a then-unique feat for which a bar was awarded to his DFC. On 6 July, he was promoted to flight lieutenant.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTELondon Gazette 6 August 1940\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_6_August_1940-15\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"London Gazette 6 August 1940\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_6_August_1940_15-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwgg\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_6_August_1940-15\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwgw\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwhA\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e13\u003cspan id=\"mwhQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mwhg\"\u003eMalan and his senior pilots abandoned the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwhw\" title=\"Vic formation\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vic_formation\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eVic formation\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eused by the RAF and turned to a looser formation (the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwiA\" title=\"Finger-four\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Finger-four\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003efinger-four\u003c\/a\u003e) similar to the four aircraft\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci id=\"mwiQ\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwig\" title=\"Organization of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organization_of_the_Luftwaffe_(1933%E2%80%931945)#Schwarm,_Rotte_and_Kette\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eSchwarm\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci id=\"mwiw\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwjA\" title=\"Luftwaffe\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luftwaffe\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eLuftwaffe\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ehad developed during the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwjQ\" title=\"Spanish Civil War\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_Civil_War\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eSpanish Civil War\u003c\/a\u003e. It is believed that on 28 July he met\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwjg\" title=\"Werner Mölders\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Werner_M%C3%B6lders\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eWerner Mölders\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein combat, damaged his plane and wounded him, but failed to bring him down, though recent research has suggested that Mölders was wounded in a fight with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwjw\" title=\"No. 41 Squadron RAF\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._41_Squadron_RAF\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eNo. 41 Squadron RAF\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTEShoresWilliams1994622\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTEShoresWilliams1994622-16\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Shores\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Williams\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"1994\"},\"p\":{\"wt\":\"622\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShoresWilliams1994622_16-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwkA\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShoresWilliams1994622-16\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwkQ\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwkg\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e14\u003cspan id=\"mwkw\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection aria-labelledby=\"Squadron_leader_of_No._74_Squadron\" id=\"mwlA\" data-mw-section-id=\"6\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"Squadron_leader_of_No._74_Squadron\"\u003eSquadron leader of No. 74 Squadron\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"mw-editsection\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mwlQ\"\u003eOn 8 August, Malan was given command of 74 Squadron and promoted to acting\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwlg\" title=\"Squadron leader\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Squadron_leader\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003esquadron leader\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eat the height of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwlw\" title=\"Battle of Britain\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Britain\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eBattle of Britain\u003c\/a\u003e. On 11 August, action started at 7\u003cspan id=\"mwmA\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eam when the squadron was sent to intercept a raid near\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwmQ\" title=\"Dover\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dover\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eDover\u003c\/a\u003e, which was followed by three more raids, lasting all day. At the end of the day, 74 Squadron had claimed to have shot down 38 aircraft, and was known from then on as \"Sailor's August the Eleventh\". Malan himself commented, \"thus ended a very successful morning of combat\". He received a bar to his DFC on 13 August.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTELondon Gazette 13 August 1940\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_13_August_1940-17\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"London Gazette 13 August 1940\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_13_August_1940_17-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwmg\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_13_August_1940-17\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwmw\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwnA\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e15\u003cspan id=\"mwnQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"mwng\" class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwnw\" class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sailor_Malan,_colour_oil_painting_by_Cuthbert_Orde.JPG\"\u003e\u003cimg id=\"mwoA\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/d\/d0\/Sailor_Malan%2C_colour_oil_painting_by_Cuthbert_Orde.JPG 2x\" width=\"250\" height=\"299\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" data-file-height=\"400\" data-file-width=\"335\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Sailor_Malan%2C_colour_oil_painting_by_Cuthbert_Orde.JPG\/250px-Sailor_Malan%2C_colour_oil_painting_by_Cuthbert_Orde.JPG\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption id=\"mwoQ\"\u003eSailor Malan, colour oil painting by\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwog\" title=\"Cuthbert Orde\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuthbert_Orde\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eCuthbert Orde\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c\/figure\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mwow\"\u003eOn 29 December 1941 Malan was added to the select list of airmen who had sat for one of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwpA\" title=\"Cuthbert Orde\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuthbert_Orde\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eCuthbert Orde\u003c\/a\u003e's iconic RAF charcoal portraits. He had the rarer honour of also being the subject of a full colour painting by Orde.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-18\"}}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwpQ\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-18\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwpg\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwpw\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e16\u003cspan id=\"mwqA\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup id=\"mwqg\" class=\"noprint Inline-Template\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003ca title=\"Wikipedia:Verifiability\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Verifiability\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003e\u003cspan title=\"The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (November 2022)\"\u003efailed verification\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection aria-labelledby=\"Wing_commander_–_Biggin_Hill\" id=\"mwqw\" data-mw-section-id=\"7\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"Wing_commander_–_Biggin_Hill\"\u003e\n\u003cspan id=\"Wing_commander_.E2.80.93_Biggin_Hill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWing commander – Biggin Hill\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"mw-editsection\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mwrA\"\u003eOn 24 December, Malan received the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwrQ\" title=\"Distinguished Service Order\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distinguished_Service_Order\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eDistinguished Service Order\u003c\/a\u003e, and on 22 July 1941, a bar to the DSO. On 10 March 1941 he was appointed as one of the first\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwrg\" title=\"Wing leader\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wing_leader\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003ewing leaders\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor the offensive operations that spring and summer, leading the Biggin Hill Wing until mid-August, when he was rested from operations. He finished his active fighter career in 1941 with 27 kills destroyed, 7 shared destroyed and 2 unconfirmed, 3 probables and 16 damaged, as one of the highest scoring pilots to have served wholly with Fighter Command during World War II. He was transferred to the reserve as a squadron leader on 6 January 1942.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTELondon Gazette 23 May 1944\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_23_May_1944-19\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"London Gazette 23 May 1944\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_23_May_1944_19-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwrw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_23_May_1944-19\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwsA\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwsQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e17\u003cspan id=\"mwsg\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mwsw\"\u003eAfter a lecture tour to the USA, he commanded the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwtA\" title=\"RAF Sutton Bridge\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RAF_Sutton_Bridge\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eCentral Gunnery School\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor more than a year. Malan was promoted to temporary\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwtQ\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Wing commander (rank)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wing_commander_(rank)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003ewing commander\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eon 1 September 1942\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTELondon Gazette 1 October 1942\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_1_October_1942-20\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"London Gazette 1 October 1942\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_1_October_1942_20-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwtg\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_1_October_1942-20\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwtw\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwuA\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e18\u003cspan id=\"mwuQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand became station commander at\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwug\" title=\"London Biggin Hill Airport\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/London_Biggin_Hill_Airport\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eRAF Biggin Hill\u003c\/a\u003e, receiving a promotion to war\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwuw\" title=\"Military rank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_rank#Types_of_rank\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003esubstantive\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewing commander on 1 July 1943.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTELondon Gazette 3 September 1943\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_3_September_1943-21\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"London Gazette 3 September 1943\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_3_September_1943_21-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwvA\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_3_September_1943-21\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwvQ\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwvg\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e19\u003cspan id=\"mwvw\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"mwwA\" class=\"mw-default-size\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwwQ\" class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Malan_and_RAF_officers_D_Day_IWM_CL_29.jpg\"\u003e\u003cimg id=\"mwwg\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c6\/Malan_and_RAF_officers_D_Day_IWM_CL_29.jpg\/500px-Malan_and_RAF_officers_D_Day_IWM_CL_29.jpg 2x\" width=\"250\" height=\"172\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" data-file-height=\"551\" data-file-width=\"800\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c6\/Malan_and_RAF_officers_D_Day_IWM_CL_29.jpg\/250px-Malan_and_RAF_officers_D_Day_IWM_CL_29.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption id=\"mwww\"\u003eMalan (second from left), RAF and Free French officers on D-Day\u003c\/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c\/figure\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection aria-labelledby=\"Post-war_opposition_to_apartheid\" id=\"mwxA\" data-mw-section-id=\"8\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"Post-war_opposition_to_apartheid\"\u003ePost-war opposition to apartheid\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"mw-editsection\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mwxQ\"\u003eAfter the conclusion of the war, Malan resigned his commission with the Royal Air Force in April 1946, retaining the rank of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwxg\" title=\"Group captain\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Group_captain\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003egroup captain\u003c\/a\u003e,\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTELondon Gazette 9 April 1944\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_9_April_1944-22\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"London Gazette 9 April 1944\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_9_April_1944_22-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwxw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTELondon_Gazette_9_April_1944-22\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwyA\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwyQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e20\u003cspan id=\"mwyg\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand returned home to South Africa, where he commenced a career in sheep farming.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"name\":\"FOOTNOTENasson200977\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FOOTNOTENasson200977-23\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sfn\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sfn\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Nasson\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"2009\"},\"pp\":{\"wt\":\"77\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasson200977_23-0\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwyw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasson200977-23\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwzA\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mwzQ\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e21\u003cspan id=\"mwzg\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mwzw\"\u003eMalan maintained his ties to the RAF community however, acting as president of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw0A\" title=\"Royal Air Forces Association\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Air_Forces_Association\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eRoyal Air Forces Association\u003c\/a\u003e’s South African Area and becoming a life-member of its Johannesburg Branch.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-24\"}}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw0Q\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-24\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mw0g\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mw0w\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e22\u003cspan id=\"mw1A\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mw1Q\"\u003eIn the early 1950s, he became involved in increasingly volatile South African domestic politics with its radical polarising atmosphere and racially and culturally divided societal tensions. After the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw1g\" title=\"National Party (South Africa)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Party_(South_Africa)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eNational Party\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewas voted into government in the late 1940s South Africa's domestic governance moved to a position of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw1w\" title=\"National conservatism\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_conservatism\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003enational conservatism\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand introduced\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw2A\" title=\"Apartheid\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apartheid\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eapartheid\u003c\/a\u003e, which Malan objected to. In the early 1950s in response Malan joined a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw2Q\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Classical Liberal\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Classical_Liberal\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eliberal\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003epolitically organised protest movement opposed to the introduction of the apartheid system styling itself as the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw2g\" title=\"Torch Commando\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torch_Commando\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eTorch Commando\u003c\/a\u003e, of which – with his public recognition acquired from his war career – he was elected president. Through the early 1950s he involved himself in political opposition to what he perceived was increasing authoritarianism of the National Party in government, which he felt threatened to become\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw2w\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Fascist\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fascist\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003efascist\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein nature. At one point the Torch Commando (called for its predilection for staging night-time rallies outside government buildings with the protestors bearing flaming torches for dramatic illumination) movement had 250,000 members, and staged well-attended rallies across South Africa, which Malan often publicly addressed.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-25\"}}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw3A\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-25\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mw3Q\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mw3g\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e23\u003cspan id=\"mw3w\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mw4A\"\u003eBy the late 1950s, the movement had lost momentum as some of the factions that constituted it increasingly moved from a hitherto public liberal position to one of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw4Q\" title=\"World communism\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_communism\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eworld communism\u003c\/a\u003e, and splintered away to join the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw4g\" title=\"African National Congress\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_National_Congress\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eAfrican National Congress\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(ANC), with which Malan was not sympathetic.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-26\"}}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw4w\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-26\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mw5A\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mw5Q\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e24\u003cspan id=\"mw5g\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe rise of the ANC and its perceived radical agenda discouraged the majority of the Torch Commando's membership from continuing with their campaign against the apartheid state laws, leaving Malan with the disintegrating organisation and him retiring from politics and public life, leaving the National Party to rule South Africa for the next four decades.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-27\"}}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw5w\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-27\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mw6A\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mw6Q\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e25\u003cspan id=\"mw6g\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection aria-labelledby=\"Death\" id=\"mw6w\" data-mw-section-id=\"9\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"Death\"\u003eDeath\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"mw-editsection\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"mw7A\"\u003eMalan died at the age of 52 on 17 September 1963 from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw7Q\" title=\"Parkinson's disease\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parkinson's_disease\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eParkinson's disease\u003c\/a\u003e, at the time a rare and little understood medical condition. A considerable sum of money was raised in his name to further study the disease. His funeral service was at\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw7g\" title=\"St Cyprian's Cathedral, Kimberley\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St_Cyprian's_Cathedral,_Kimberley\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eSt Cyprian's Cathedral, Kimberley\u003c\/a\u003e,\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-28\"}}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw7w\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-28\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mw8A\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mw8Q\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e26\u003cspan id=\"mw8g\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand his body was buried at West End Cemetery in Kimberley,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw8w\" title=\"Cape Province\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cape_Province\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eCape Province\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003csup id=\"mw9Q\" class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003ca title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003e\u003cspan title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)\"\u003ecitation needed\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eDue to his prominent role in opposition to apartheid, the South African government sought to marginalise his death in order to erase any legacy of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw9g\" title=\"Torch Commando\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torch_Commando\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eTorch Commando\u003c\/a\u003e. Malan was not permitted a military funeral and all South African military personnel who attended his funeral were instructed not to wear their uniforms. The\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw9w\" title=\"South African Air Force\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_African_Air_Force\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eSouth African Air Force\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewas instructed not to give any tribute to his death.\u003csup data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-29\"}}' rel=\"dc:references\" id=\"cite_ref-29\" class=\"mw-ref reference\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mw-A\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Malan#cite_note-29\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mw-Q\" class=\"mw-reflink-text\"\u003e\u003cspan id=\"mw-g\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e[\u003c\/span\u003e27\u003cspan id=\"mw-w\" class=\"cite-bracket\"\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection aria-labelledby=\"Awards_and_decorations\" id=\"mw_A\" data-mw-section-id=\"10\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"Awards_and_decorations\"\u003eAwards and decorations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"mw-editsection\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul id=\"mw_Q\"\u003e\n\u003cli id=\"mw_g\"\u003e\n\u003cspan data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Distinguished Service Order and Bar \u0026lt;i id=\\\"mw_w\\\"\u0026gt;DSO \u0026amp;amp; Bar \u0026lt;\/i\u0026gt;\",\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"MilAward Desc\",\"href\":\".\/Template:MilAward_Desc\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"DSOx\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"x25px\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' id=\"mwAQA\"\u003e\u003ca title=\"Distinguished Service Order and Bar DSO \u0026amp; Bar\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distinguished_Service_Order\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d7\/Distinguished_Service_Order_Ribbon_-_with_one_bar_01.svg\/250px-Distinguished_Service_Order_Ribbon_-_with_one_bar_01.svg.png 2x\" width=\"89\" height=\"25\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" data-file-height=\"215\" data-file-width=\"765\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d7\/Distinguished_Service_Order_Ribbon_-_with_one_bar_01.svg\/120px-Distinguished_Service_Order_Ribbon_-_with_one_bar_01.svg.png\" alt=\"Distinguished Service Order and Bar DSO \u0026amp; Bar\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca title=\"Distinguished Service Order\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distinguished_Service_Order\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eDistinguished Service Order and Bar\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003eDSO \u0026amp; Bar\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli id=\"mwAQI\"\u003e\n\u003cspan data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Distinguished Flying Cross and Bar (United Kingdom) \u0026lt;i id=\\\"mwAQM\\\"\u0026gt;DFC \u0026amp;amp; Bar \u0026lt;\/i\u0026gt;\",\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"MilAward Desc\",\"href\":\".\/Template:MilAward_Desc\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"DFCx\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"x25px\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' id=\"mwAQQ\"\u003e\u003ca title=\"Distinguished Flying Cross and Bar (United Kingdom) DFC \u0026amp; Bar\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/71\/UK_DFC_w_bar_BAR.svg\/250px-UK_DFC_w_bar_BAR.svg.png 2x\" width=\"91\" height=\"25\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" data-file-height=\"60\" data-file-width=\"218\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/71\/UK_DFC_w_bar_BAR.svg\/120px-UK_DFC_w_bar_BAR.svg.png\" alt=\"Distinguished Flying Cross and Bar (United Kingdom) DFC \u0026amp; Bar\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca title=\"Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eDistinguished Flying Cross and Bar (United Kingdom)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003eDFC \u0026amp; Bar\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli id=\"mwAQY\"\u003e\n\u003cspan id=\"mwAQc\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwAQg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:1939-45_Star_\u0026amp;_Battle_of_Britain_clasp.png\"\u003e\u003cimg id=\"mwAQk\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0b\/1939-45_Star_%26_Battle_of_Britain_clasp.png\/250px-1939-45_Star_%26_Battle_of_Britain_clasp.png 2x\" width=\"82\" height=\"25\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" data-file-height=\"98\" data-file-width=\"320\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0b\/1939-45_Star_%26_Battle_of_Britain_clasp.png\/120px-1939-45_Star_%26_Battle_of_Britain_clasp.png\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwAQo\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"1939-45 Star\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1939-45_Star\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003e1939-45 Star\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwAQs\" title=\"Battle of Britain\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Britain\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eBattle of Britain Clasp\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli id=\"mwAQw\"\u003e\n\u003cspan id=\"mwAQ0\"\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwAQ4\" class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ribbon_-_Air_Crew_Europe_Star_\u0026amp;_Rosette.png\"\u003e\u003cimg id=\"mwAQ8\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b8\/Ribbon_-_Air_Crew_Europe_Star_%26_Rosette.png\/250px-Ribbon_-_Air_Crew_Europe_Star_%26_Rosette.png 2x\" width=\"82\" height=\"25\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" data-file-height=\"98\" data-file-width=\"320\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b8\/Ribbon_-_Air_Crew_Europe_Star_%26_Rosette.png\/120px-Ribbon_-_Air_Crew_Europe_Star_%26_Rosette.png\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"mwARA\" title=\"Air Crew Europe Star\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_Crew_Europe_Star\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eAir Crew Europe Star with France \u0026amp; Germany Clasp\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli id=\"mwARE\"\u003e\n\u003cspan data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Defence Medal (United Kingdom) \u0026lt;i id=\\\"mwARI\\\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;\/i\u0026gt;\",\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"MilAward Desc\",\"href\":\".\/Template:MilAward_Desc\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"DefenceMedalWWII\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"x25px\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' id=\"mwARM\"\u003e\u003ca title=\"Defence Medal (United Kingdom)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Defence_Medal_(United_Kingdom)\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6f\/Defence_Medal_BAR.svg\/250px-Defence_Medal_BAR.svg.png 2x\" width=\"91\" height=\"25\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" data-file-height=\"60\" data-file-width=\"218\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6f\/Defence_Medal_BAR.svg\/120px-Defence_Medal_BAR.svg.png\" alt=\"Defence Medal (United Kingdom)\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca title=\"Defence Medal (United Kingdom)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Defence_Medal_(United_Kingdom)\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eDefence Medal (United Kingdom)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli id=\"mwARQ\"\u003e\n\u003cspan data-mw='{\"caption\":\"War Medal 1939 – 1945 \u0026lt;i id=\\\"mwARU\\\"\u0026gt;MID \u0026lt;\/i\u0026gt;\",\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"MilAward Desc\",\"href\":\".\/Template:MilAward_Desc\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"MID1939\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"x25px\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' id=\"mwARY\"\u003e\u003ca title=\"War Medal 1939 – 1945 MID\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_Medal_1939%E2%80%931945#Clasps\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/84\/Ribbon_-_War_Medal_%26_MiD.png\/250px-Ribbon_-_War_Medal_%26_MiD.png 2x\" width=\"91\" height=\"25\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" data-file-height=\"705\" data-file-width=\"2560\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/84\/Ribbon_-_War_Medal_%26_MiD.png\/120px-Ribbon_-_War_Medal_%26_MiD.png\" alt=\"War Medal 1939 – 1945 MID\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca title=\"War Medal 1939–1945\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_Medal_1939%E2%80%931945#Clasps\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\"\u003eWar Medal 1939 – 1945\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci\u003eMentioned in Dispatches\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan\u003e) (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003eMID\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli id=\"mwARc\"\u003e\n\u003cspan data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Legion of Honour \u0026lt;i id=\\\"mwARg\\\"\u0026gt; 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